The Matou goat is a valuable local breed in China, known for its good meat and high reproductive rate. However, its population and quality have been declining, and we lack a deep understanding of its genetic characteristics. To help protect and improve this breed, we studied the genetic makeup of 128 Matou goats by analyzing their entire genome. We found that the goats could be divided into two subgroups. One subgroup showed signs of crossbreeding and had higher genetic diversity. By comparing these subgroups, we identified key genetic regions that have been selected for traits important to farmers. Several genes we found are linked to body size, meat quality, and reproduction. Our findings provide a genetic guide for breeding better Matou goats, which can help farmers increase productivity and ensure the long-term survival of this important breed.

Read the full article in the Journal of Animal Science.