The Mashona cattle, a Bos taurus and Bos indicus composite, were brought from Zimbabwe to New Mexico in the 1990s. Since then, they have been valued by ranchers in hot and humid areas for their resistance to pests, heat, and maternal characteristics, making them ideal for crossbreeding. This study aimed to explore the genetic background and diversity of Mashona cattle in the United States by analyzing 24 samples from Tennessee State University. These were compared to other cattle breeds, including Angus, Brahman, and Tuli. The analysis used advanced genomic techniques to understand the genetic variation and historical lineage. Results showed that Mashona cattle have a high proportion of B. taurus genes (about 81%). They also form a distinct genetic group along with the Tuli breed, indicating unique diversity in Sanga breeds. Some genes identified in Mashona cattle such as CHIC2 and GSX2 were associated with traits like horn fly resistance and maternal ability characteristics. Despite their genetic strengths, the Mashona have a small population size, which requires careful management to maintain their genetic diversity while selecting for desired traits.

Read the full article in the Journal of Animal Science.