Ruminant animals naturally produce methane during fermentative processes; however, this process represents a loss of dietary energy and has been scrutinized for its potential environmental impacts. Nutritional management strategies, such as the use of…

Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is a detrimental metabolic digestive disorder in ruminants, triggered by sudden intake of high-concentrate diets such as corn and wheat flour. This condition leads to a sharp drop in rumen pH and excessive accumulation of…

This study developed a computer-controlled closed-circuit respiratory calorimetry system to accurately measure oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production in broilers, which are essential for determining total heat production. The system…